The Kingdom of Norway, is a country in northern Europe with its capital in Oslo. It is situated on the western part of the Scandinavian Peninsula, bordered by Sweden, Finland, Russia, and Denmark, and washed by the Norwegian Sea. Covering an area of 385,000 square kilometers, it has a population of 5.51 million as of August 2023. The country has a temperate marine climate and is rich in natural resources such as oil, gas, hydropower, forests, and fisheries. Norway has a history dating back to the 9th century when it formed a unified kingdom. It experienced a decline in the mid-14th century and was part of the Kalmar Union with Denmark and Sweden. After World War II, Norway was restored following Germany's surrender in May 1945.